macbeth

1.11. What is the effect of beginning the play with the witches? Whom are the witches going to meet, and when? Notice the language of lines 10-11 and watch for it later in the play.
1.21. What do we learn about and from the "bloody Captain" (1.2.1-44)? Who is Macdonwald and what has he done? What has been done to him and by whom? Did that end the problem with rebels (1.2.29-34)?




The effect of the witches in the beginning of the play is that it sort of seems like they are looking into the future. The witches are going to meet Macbeth on the heath. we learn that there was a war. macdonwald is one of the head soldiers in the rebel army. he is killed by macbeth. no they were'nt ended, instead it created new ones.
2. What do we learn from Ross and Angus (1.2.45-62)? Who was the traitor in this different revolt? What does King Duncan say about the traitor and about his title (1.2.63-65)?





That there was a war between norway and cawdor. the traitor in this revolt was the thane of cawdor. King Duncan says that the traitor is dead and that ross should go introduce himself w/ the traitors title.
1.31. What is the effect of what the witches tell each other in 1.3.1-27)? What is the effect of the specifics they tell? Are these details important to the plot of the play? Why are they here? What does the First Witch mean by line 9? Keep the line in mind; "do" is an important word in this play. How do the witches prepare for Macbeth's arrival, and what do they say (1.3.28-35)?





the effect of the what the witches tell each other is that it sort of paints the scene of where they are. they are on the ship in the ocean and the witches are giving the ship wind to sail. The effect of the specifics they give is so that way the audience can see that the witches can be everywhere not only on land but on sea. The witches are there to meet macbeth. the first witch means that she will follow macbeth. the witches prepare by giving wind to the sail.





2. Does Macbeth's first line (1.3.36) remind you of anything we have heard before? What do the witches look like (1.3.37-45)? What do they tell Macbeth (1.3.46-48). What happens to Macbeth then? How do we know? (See 1.3.49-55.) What does Banquo ask the witches and what do they tell him (1.3.55-67; notice the paradoxes in 1.3.63-65, similar in structure to 1.1.10-11 and 1.3.36). What do we know that Macbeth doesn't know in 1.3.68-76)?





It was what the witches said in the first scene. they look like "inhabitants not o' the earth" they are women who have beards. they tell macbeth that he is to be king. He becomes king we know because we found out in the second scene that the thane of cawdor died. he asks them if he is to be king as well in the future. they tell him yes. we know the the actual thane of cawdor is dead and there is an imposter taking his place.
3. How does Banquo explain the witches (1.3.77-78)? What does Macbeth learn from Ross and Angus (1.3.87-114)? What is Macbeth doing in lines 114-156? Note where he is speaking to himself, where he is speaking only to Banquo, and where he is speaking to everyone. How is Macbeth reacting to what the witches have said and to what Ross and Angus have said? Read Banquo's speech in lines 120-125 carefully for a statement related to the themes of the play. Then read Macbeth's speech at 1.3.126-141 carefully. What is he saying? What is he beginning to think about? Notice an echo of the paradox of "fair is foul" in lines 140-141.


he explains them as bubbles in earth. sorta like they exist but they dont. macbeth is kind of afraid of the witches. macbeth learns that he is to be the thane of cawdor. he reacts to the witches news and the news from banquo by his is excited about it because everything, so far, the witches have told him would happen to him has come true. he is thinking about how he is to become king.



4. How does Macbeth explain his behavior (1.3.148-149)? How much of his thought does he plan to share with Banquo (1.3.152-154)?
he was distracted. he




1.41. How did Cawdor die (1.4.1-11)? How does the King respond (1.4.11-14)? Keep these lines in mind.


cawdor died by he confessed his treasons, asked for forgiveness from the king and repented then he killed himself i think...i'm not enitrely sure... he responds by saying that he was a gentlemen he had built trust in.
2. How does the King greet Macbeth and Banquo (1.4.14-35)? Note the imagery of planting and growing. What announcement does the King make in lines 35-42? (Prince of Cumberland is the title of the Scottish heir apparent, like Prince of Wales for the English.) Where does the King intend to go (1.4.42-47)? How does he react in his aside to the King's announcement of his heir (1.4.48-53)? What is going on in Macbeth's mind?





he greets them by saying that macbeth is his worthiest of cousins and uses a lot of gardening imagery. he announces that the prince of cumberland is to be his heir. The king plans on going to Inverness. macbeth is upset by the news but he knows that it is in his fate that he is to be king.
1.51. Has Macbeth reported accurately to his wife (1.5.1-12)? How does she respond? Read her speech in lines 13-28 carefully. How does she describe Macbeth? Does this match what we have seen of him?
no. she is excited about it. when she describes him its kind of strange because she starts out w/ saying he's a book and then says that he's a book that men would read of strange matters in. so its sort of a compliment but then it isnt.




2. How does Lady Macbeth respond to the news that the King is coming? Read her speech in lines 36-52 carefully. What does she intend to do? What does she have to do to herself to let that happen?



she welcomes him. she intends to kill the king. she has to think like a man..... i think
3. Who is in charge when Macbeth arrives (1.5.52-71)? Has Lady Macbeth decided what to do? Has Macbeth? What does she tell him to do, and what will she herself do?



lady macbeth. yes she has. no he hasnt. she tells him to put the nights great business into her hands. she will kill him.
4. What is Lady Macbeth's name? (A trick question-it's not in the play. But historical sources tell us her name was Gruoch and that she had a son by a previous marriage, named Lulach. See the Bedford Texts and Contexts edition of Macbeth, p. 128, with no source given there.)




1.61. Read the opening speeches (1.6.1-10) carefully, noting the imagery. How honest is Lady Macbeth's welcome (1.6.10-31)?



not very honest.
1.71. Read Macbeth's soliloquy in 1.7.1-28 carefully. Notice the repetition of "done" in lines 1-2. How ready is Macbeth to kill the King? What is he worried about in lines 1-12? What special rules of hospitality is Macbeth violating (lines 12-16)? What motivation does Macbeth attribute to himself (lines 25-28)?



he does not seem ready to kill the king. he is worried about being punished and getting blamed for it all by himself. he is violating the rules of hospitality by killing his guest himself. his motivation is his ambition.
2. What is Lady Macbeth complaining about in lines 28-30? What does Macbeth then say, and how does Lady Macbeth reply? Read their discussion in lines 31-82 carefully to see what positions each holds and what means each uses to convince the other? Who is the stronger person in this scene?



she is complaining about why macbeth left the chamber. he asks if the king asked for him. and she practically said yes. lady is the stronger person in scene.




ACT 22.11. What is the purpose of the opening of 2.1 (lines 1-9)? Notice the references to time (lines 1-3), and think about the other references to time so far in the play (1.1.1-5; 1.3.56, 146, and 152; 1.5.8 and 56-62; 1.7.51 and 81). What is the function of the discussion about the witches in 2.1.20-29?



the purpose is to somewhat foreshadowing some evil.
2. Read Macbeth's soliloquy in 2.1.33-64 carefully. What is happening to him? How does he explain it? What will he do about it? Notice references to time in line59 and to deeds and done in lines 61-62.



he is afraid to stab the king. he explains it analyzing the knife and how would kill the king.
2.21. What is Lady Macbeth's state of mind in her soliloquy (2.2.1-13)? What has she done? What does she assume Macbeth is now doing? Why didn't she do it (lines 12-13)?



she is awaiting the death of the king. she was drinking. she assumes that macbeth is killing them. she didnt do it because the king resembled her father.
2. What deed has Macbeth done (2.2.14)? What is Macbeth worried about in lines 17
killed the king. worried about the cries that were made by the king


-31? How does Lady Macbeth respond (lines 31-32)? Notice the heavy emphasis on the murdering of sleep in lines 33-41. What problem arises in line 46? How is it solved? Keep lines 44-45, 58-61, and 65 about washing in mind for later in the play.
she tells him not to worry. blood on him. washes it off.


2.31. What does the porter pretend to be doing? Notice the emphasis on equivocation in this speech and in the following dialogue with Macduff. Equivocation was a doctrine espoused by Jesuits living secretly in England (and in danger of arrest, torture, and death) that allowed them to swear oaths with double meanings in order to preserve their lives while also maintaining their faith but that looked to their opponents very much like lying under oath. Equivocation had recently been much discussed because of the trials surrounding the Gunpowder Plot of November 1605, a Catholic attempt to blow up Parliament while the members and the King were present. Watch how the idea of equivocation functions in the play.


pretends he's the gateskeeper in hell.
2. What is the thematic function of Lennox's conversation with Macbeth about the unruly night (lines 50-59). What is the theatrical function of the scene? Why does something need to be here?


the function is to make macbeth nervous maybe. and possibly its to show the audience the other characters new something had happened that evening but they arent sure what happened aside from them thinking it was really rough weather.
3. What news does Macduff report at line 59? How do Macbeth and Lady Macbeth respond? What does Macbeth report in lines 103-104 that he did? What do Malcolm and Donalbain decide to do and why (lines 116-121 and 131-142)? Where will they go? What do they seem to expect will happen if they don't leave?


macduff reports that the king had been murdered. macbeth respond by saying how sad he is that the renowned king is dead. lady macbeth responds by acting shocked. macbeth reports that he killed them. they decided to keep quiet. malcolm will go to england and donalbain will go to ireland. if they dont leave they believe that they will be in danger.
2.41. What is the function of the dialogue between the Old Man and Ross (lines 1-20)? What do we learn from Macduff about Malcolm and Donalbain? About Macbeth? Where has Macbeth gone? Where will Macduff go? (Macbeth was historically a member of the royal family; his mother and Duncan's mother were sisters, daughters of Duncan's predecessor as king; both Duncan and Macbeth were historically about the same age. Duncan ruled from 1034 to 1040 and Macbeth from 1040 to 1057.) Notice that many of the key words and ideas we have been tracing appear in this scene.


the function of the conversation is to give a sense of foreshadowing. we learn that they are suspects in the murder. that he is to be king. macbeth went to scone. macduff will go to fife.
ACT 33.11. How does Banquo react to Macbeth's being King (3.1.1-10)? What does he suspect has happened to Duncan?


he seems somewhat jealous...but he sees that what the witches had said about macbeth had come true. so he is hopeful that they will come true for him as well.
2. What does Macbeth learn from Banquo in lines 19-38? Why does he want to know it? What does he say about Malcolm and Donalbain in lines 31-34?
3. Read Macbeth's soliloquy in 3.1.49-73 carefully. What is bothering Macbeth?

he's worried about how brave and noble banquo is.
4. How does Macbeth get the two murderers to agree to kill Banquo? Has he told them the truth about Banquo and himself? What has brought the murderers to be willing to do a deed like this?

by saying that it was banquo that had made their lives a living hell and telling them that banquo is their enemy. no he hasnt told the truth. their hatred for banquo.
3.21. How much does Macbeth tell Lady Macbeth about his fears? How much does he tell her about what he plans to do? Does she know as much as we know at this point?

he tells her that he fears that banquo is going to do something to take away his title. he tells her very little about what he is about to do. no she does not.
3.31. How do the two murderers respond to the third one? How does the third one explain his presence?

they accept him. he explains that macbeth sent him.
2. How successful is their mission?

they failed half of their mission. they killed banquo and forgot his son.
3.41. During the banquet, what does Macbeth learn from the First Murderer (3.4.11-31)? How does that affect Macbeth's participation in the banquet?

that banquo is dead and that his son escaped. this affects macbeth's participation at the banquet by it makes him keep to himself and he did not entertain his guests.
2. What appears at 3.4.36? Who can see it? What "trick" does it play on Macbeth (3.2.36-46)? How does Macbeth respond? How does Lady Macbeth explain his response to him? To the guests? What does Macbeth find strange (3.4.74-82)? What happens to the banquet?

banquo's ghost. only macbeth. the trick it plays on macbeth is that it makes him afraid. macbeth responds by telling asking those around him who played this trick on him. lady macbeth explains that its just a hallucination that occurs when he's afraid. to the guests, she says that its a convulsion that he gets every now and then and that he's had it ever since he was a child. he finds it strange that nobody but him can see banquo. the banquet is ruined in way.
3. Who is the next problem person mentioned (3.2.127-129)? How well does Macbeth trust his followers (3.4.130-131)? Where will he go tomorrow and what does he want to find out (3.4.131-134)? How does Lady Macbeth diagnose his infirmity (3.2.140)?3.51. What is Hecate's complaint to the witches? What does she tell them to do? What will happen tomorrow? Where?

macduff. he doesnt trust his followers very well. he will go see the witches to find out whats the worst thing that is going to happen to him. by sayin that he hasnt slept. hecate's complaint is that he wasnt properly informed of the witches using their magic and that they used their magic and gave power to a macbeth, who in his eyes is spoiled. he tells them to go and meet macbeth. he will prepare something horrible for macbeth. he will curse him with illusions. they are to meet at the pit by river in hell.
3.61. Why is Lennox talking in such an indirect way to the other lord? What is Lennox trying to tell him? What might he be trying to learn about him?
2. What has happened to Macduff? 3. What is the function of this scene in the play?

macduff is trying to bring honor back to his king. the function of the scene is to give the audience another p.o.v. of what is going on.
ACT 44.11. How many witches appear in this scene?

like 6 plus hecate.
2. What messages does Macbeth get from the witches and their apparitions? Does he feel safe after the first three apparitions? Should he? How does he feel after the fourth, the line of kings?

from the first apparition, macbeth is warned about macduff thane of fife. the second apparition tells macbeth to be violent, bold, and firm, because no man born from a woman can hurt him. the third apparition tells him to be brave for he shall not be defeated until birnam wood marches to fight him at dunsinane hill. the fourth vision shows 7 dead kings holding mirrors and the ghost of banquo. he does feel safe after the 1 three apparitions. no he shouldnt. he dislikes the vision of the kings.
3. What does Macbeth learn from Lennox at line 158? What does he plan to do about it?

that macduff has fled to england
4.21. What is Lady Macduff's reaction to her husband's departure for England (4.2.1-30).

she is upset with him for leaving. she says that he lacks the ability to protect his family.
2. What is the function of the scene between Lady Macduff and her son (4.2.30-64)?

maybe to show how much loyalty his wife has in her husband and how smart he son is.....i'm not really sure what the purpose of this scene is.
3. What happens to Lady Macduff and her son?

they are both killed.
4.31. What do we know at the beginning of the scene that Macduff doesn't know?

that his wife and his son are dead.
2. What is the main issue between Malcolm and Macduff in the first part of the scene (4.3.1-32)? Why might Malcolm be suspicious of Macduff? How does Macduff respond (4.3.32-38)? What changes when Macduff starts to leave at line 35?

The main issue is that the homeland has fallen. Malcolm is suspicious because he thinks Macduff is going to betray him in Macbeth's favor. Macduff tells him that he isn't treacherous

3. What does Malcolm say about himself, and how does Macduff respond (lines 38-115)? What bothers Macduff more in a king, lust or avarice? Why does this character of Malcolm's surprise Macduff (lines 106-112)? (Malcolm's mother was the daughter of the Old Siward mentioned in line 135, which might explain why he is helping. The description of his mother sounds more like St. Margaret of Scotland, who in fact was later this Malcolm's wife.)

that Macbeth compared to him looks like an angel and that you couldn't find a worse devil than Macbeth. Avarice bugs Macduff more because you can't out grow it. It surprises him because he finally sees what a horrible man Malcolm is.
4. How does this threat to leave by Macduff change Malcolm's story? What is Malcolm's explanation for his behavior (lines 115-133)? What was Malcolm about to do when Macduff arrived (lines 134-138)?
everything he said was a lie now. His explaination is that he wasn't sure he could trust Macduff. Malcolm was about to have siward over.
5. What is the purpose of the discussion of King Edward's healing powers? How does this compare to the present King of Scotland in the play? Note lines 155-157: King James, who was from Scotland and who as a Stuart was considered one of those descendants of Banquo, had recently revived this practice when the play was written, which gives another reason for including it in the play.
macbeth is tainting it while king of scotland is healing it
6. What message does Ross bring? How long does it take for him to tell it? How does Macduff respond? Note lines 214-217: Who "has no children"? We assume he means Macbeth, but could he mean Malcolm, who is perhaps too hasty in telling him to "Be comforted"? Notice the mentions of "man" in lines 221-223 and 237 and compare the use of the word earlier in the play (as at 1.7.46-51 abd 72-74; 3.1.92-102; and 3.4.57, 72, 98, and 107). What does it mean to be a "man" in this play?
that scotland is where they will die. macduff. and man means to be violent.
7. What are Malcolm, Macduff, and Ross ready to do at the end of the scene?
they are ready to kill macbeth.
ACT 55.11. What has the gentlewoman seen Lady Macbeth do (5.1.1-15)? Why won't she tell the Doctor what Lady Macbeth said?
saw her sleep walking. because she's afraid that he will think she is lying
2. What does Lady Macbeth reveal in her sleepwalking speeches and actions (5.1.23-58)? To what does the Doctor relate this in 5.1.61-69? What is he suggesting in lines 66-67?5.21. Where are the soldiers heading in 5.2? Whose side are they on? What do the mentions of Birnam Wood (line 5) and Dunsinane (line 12) remind us of?5.31. What reports are the servants bringing to Macbeth (5.3.1)? Why does Macbeth say he is not afraid? What does he think about himself in lines 20-29?
that she was apart of king duncans murder. he relates it to a sickness. he wants her to go see a priest to confess. the soldiers are heading toward birnam woods. they are on malcoms side. reminds us of the apparitions warnings. because no man born from a woman can kill him.
2. What does the Doctor say about Lady Macbeth (lines 39-46)? What does Macbeth wish the Doctor could do (lines 52-58)?
that she is troubled w/ endless visions. wish he could cure his country
5.41. What does Malcolm tell the soldiers to do (5.4.4-7)? What effect do you expect this to have on Macbeth?
tells them to conceal themselves using branches. he will be afraid.
5.51. What does "the cry of women" signify (5.5.7.1, 15)? Read Macbeth's famous speech in lines 16-27 carefully. What is he saying? How does he feel about life at this point?
it signifies the death of the queen. he says that w/ each day everyone is closer and closer to death. that life is no more than an illusion.
2. What news does the messenger bring in lines 28-33? How does Macbeth react to this news? What does he now think of the witches (lines 40-46)? (Notice the return of "equivocation" in line 41.) Yet what is his mood at the end of the scene (lines 49-50)? Will he go out with a whimper?
We learn that the battle is going to begin. Siward and his son are mentioned because one of them is going to die.
5.61. What do we learn in this scene? Why are Siward and his son mentioned?
Macbeth is afraid of nobody except the man not born of a woman. Macbeth kills Young Siward.
5.71. What is Macbeth's attitude at the beginning of the scene (lines 1-4)? What happens in his encounter with Young Siward?
fears nobody
5.8 (5.7 continues in most editions)1. Who is Macduff looking for and why (lines 1-10)?
macbeth so that way he can kill him
5.9 (5.7 continues in most editions)1. How is it that Malcolm and Siward are able to enter the castle so easily (lines 1-6)?
b/c their enemy isnt trying to beat them.
5.10 (5.8 in most editions)1. What unwished-for information does Macduff have for Macbeth (lines 1-16)? How does Macbeth respond? What will happen if he doesn't fight? Why does he fight?
that he was not born naturally but that he was cut out of his mothers stomach. he told him that he should not have said that. if he doesnt fight then he is going to be embarassed. if he does fight he dies. he fights because he refused to kiss the ground that macduff walks on.
5.11 (5.8 continues in most editions)1. How upset is Siward at his son's death? Why?
not very upset because his son died in a honorable way.
2. What does Malcolm promise his followers (lines 26-41)? What does he tell us about Lady Macbeth's death (line 36-37)? Should we believe him? (He is her enemy, after all-but remember the Doctor's instructions in 5.1.66-67.)
he promises his followers to be named earls. He tells us that Lady Macbeth committed suicide. Yeah, he's believable because Lady Macbeth's guilt probably got to her and she killed herself.

Things fall apart

Chapter One:
Note how Achebe immediately establishes his perspective from inside Umuofia (which is Ibo for "people of the forest") in the first sentence. The wider world consists of the group of nine related villages which comprise Umuofia and certain other villages like Mbaino. What are Okonkwo's main characteristics as he is depicted in the first few chapters? List as many as you can, being as specific as possible. What were the characteristics of his father which affect him so powerfully?
Kola is a stimulant, comparable to very strong tea or coffee, which is served on most social occasions in this culture. It is also one ingredient after which Coca Cola is named. Note how the ritual for sharing kola is described without being explained. Why do you think Achebe does this? He will continue to introduce Ibo customs in this fashion throughout the novel.
One becomes influential in this culture by earning titles. As with the Potlatch Indians of our region and many other peoples, this is an expensive proposition which involves the dispersing most of one's painfully accumulated wealth. What do you think are the social functions of such a system?
One of the most famous lines in the novel is "proverbs are the palm-oil with which words are eaten." What does this mean? Palm oil is a rich yellow oil pressed from the fruit of certain palm trees and used both for fuel and cooking. Look for other proverbs as you read. Cowry shells threaded on strings were traditionally used as a means of exchange by many African cultures. The villages' distance from the sea makes them sufficiently rare to serve as money. Cowries from as far away as Southeast Asia have been found in sub-Saharan Africa.

Okonkwo characteristics are he seems to be aggressive, not patient, mournful, wealthy, and has 3 wives. The fact that his father was agressive, he was lazy, and did not know how to control his wealth. Achebe does this because he allows the characters in his story to perform the ritual so that way the read feels like they are really there. I think that the social functions of the system is sorta like a common wealth. Like everyone is given the same kind of pay no matter the job. I also think that the men primarily do the work. The quote is saying that proverbs are what people see to be true and that people follow these proverbs.
Chapter Two
What effect does night have on the people? What do they fear? How do they deal with their fear of snakes at night? Palm-wine is a naturally fermented product of the palm-wine tree, a sort of natural beer. What is the cause and nature of the conflict with Mbaino? Beginning with this chapter, trace how women are related to the religious beliefs of the people. What is the purpose of the taking of Ikemefuna? Note how Achebe foreshadows the boy's doom even as he introduces him.
In what ways does Okonkwo overcompensate for his father's weaknesses? In what ways is he presented as unusual for his culture? What is his attitude toward women? Why does he dislike his son Nwoye so much?
In this polygamous culture each household is enclosed in a compound. Each wife lives in a hut with her children, and the husband visits each wife in turn, though he has his own hut as well. Children are often cared for more or less communally. What do you think the advantages and disadvantages of this form of social structure are?
What seems to be Achebe's attitude toward this culture so far? Is his depicting it as an ideal one? Can you cite any passages which imply a critical attitude?
The night scares the people. They believe that evil spirits will attack them. They keep silent so that way the snake is not tempted to come over because it hears sounds. The cause of the conflict with Mbaino was Umuofia's daughter being killed there at a market. Mbaino was seen as a blood thirsty place and to pay for the death they had to choose between war or a young and a virgin as compensation for the death. The purpose for taking ikemefuna was because he was the youngest. He overcompensates by ruling with a heavy hand so that way his children will never be lazy. He is unusual because he dislikes everything, like the gods. He doesnt take them seriously. Nwoye makes his father upset because he is lazy *which reminds him of his father*.
Chapter Three
The priestess of Agbala is introduced at the beginning of this chapter. She is a very significant figure in this book. What effect does her status have on your judgment of the roles played by women in the culture? The chi or personal spirit (rather like the daemon of Socrates) is a recurring theme in the book. The term "second burial" is a delayed funeral ceremony given after the family has had time to prepare.
How is awareness of rank observed in the drinking of the palm wine? Note that this chapter contains another proverb about proverbs. How does share-cropping work? What is the relationship of women to agriculture? Note that a customary way of committing suicide in this culture is hanging. How does Okonkwo react to "the worst year in living memory?"
It seem sort of odd because the women in this culture seem to be like slaves and seen as under men, but yet this oracle is considered important and she is a woman who is held in highly in that culture. Share cropping works by there is a mulitple of farmers who share the same land and make a profit off of it. The relationship of women to agriculture is they dont play a huge roll in it, however they do grow women crops. He reacts by saying he survived.
Chapter Four
What are Okonkwo's virtues? What are his faults? What does this proverb mean, "When a man says yes his chi says yes also"? What is Okonkwo's relationship with Ikemefuna like? What is the crime that causes Okonkwo's to be reprimanded? What does it tell you about the values of the culture? Achebe portrays this aspect of traditional Nigerian life in a very different fashion from Buchi Emecheta, who we will read later. What evidence is there in this chapter that customs have changed over time? That customs differ among contemporary cultures? What are the limits of the power of the village rain-maker? Note Nwoye's affection for Ikemefuna. It will be significant later.

Chapter Nine
The story of the mosquito is one of several West African tales which explain why these insects buzz irritatingly in people's ears. Why does Ekwefi prize her daughter Ezinma so highly? In this chapter the notion of the ogbanje is treated at length. What attitudes toward children does it reflect? Note how it balances against the "throwing away" of twins. Does Achebe seem to validate the belief in ogbanje?
Ekwefi prizes her daughter Ezinma so highly because she is the child that survived over the age of 3. The attitudes that are reflected are seen as precious.

Heart of Darkness

10-18-07
pgs 3-18
A
varnished spirits *3*
brooding motionless
bond of sea
holdign our hearts together through long periods of separation, it had the effect of making us tolerant of each others yarns-and even convictions *3-4*
Tidal current runs to a fro in its unceasing in its unceasing service, crowded with memories of men and ships it had borne to the rest of home or to the battles of the sea *5*
"has beeen one of hte dark places of the earth*6*
savages*8*
is the author refering to the black people as savages?
"the darkness" *8*
"land in a swamp, march through the woods, and in some inland post feel the savagery, the utter savagery, had closed around him-all that mysterious life of the wilderness that stirs in wht forest, in the jungles, in the hearts of wild men*8*
darkness*9*
It had ceased to be a blank space of delightful mystery-a white patch for a boy to dream gloriously over. It had become a place of darkness. *11*
pg 12
captain killed by natives
"2 black hens"
12-13 so he went ashore and started to hammer the chief of the village with a stick."
13
therefore he whacked the old nigger mercilessly, while a big crowd of his people watched him, thunderstruck....
13 mad terror
15 snake
16 guarding the door of darkness
18 weaning those ignorant millions from their horrid ways.

I
the author seems to be racist.
depicts this feeling of mistrust and fear of black men.
demoralizes them by refering to them as the "darkness"
men were sent there to "help" the black people change their horrid ways
if they did not comply they were beat
they are seen as savages.
the authors seems to emphasize savages a lot.

10-19-07
20-28
A
20
God forsaken wilderness
isolation
21
enemies
24 black
criminals
25
devils of greed
devils of violence
lusty red eyed devils
chain gang
26
black shapes
attitudes of pain, abandonment, and death



I
depicts the dislike of the place....considers it to a wilderness because the people there are considered "wild"
he feels isolation because he is on a boat
black men are to be thought of as enemies
he makes a comparison to the bible by saying devils of greed and violence..those are some of the 7 deadly sins
the black men are mistreated.

10-20-07
29-35
A
white man elegance
32
christian country
32
mutiny
35
faithless pilgrims

I
depicts the white man as being good
that a christian country is what is going to save these "wild" people
slaves had lead a mutiny
the faithless pilgrims were the slaves

10-22-07
36-44

A
38
dark
42
"beyond....Life"


I

refers to black man
they are seprated by a fence
speaks about how the country is like the heart to them.....maybe...i'm not sure

10-23-07
45-53
A
im kinda lost....
i think marlow is talking but i'm not entirely sure....
because it seems like he has been for a while but i think it switched up again

10-24-07
54-62
A
deeper and deeper into the heart of darkness *48*
I
this could mean that they are going into the center of africa more. and into the center of all the black population

10-25-07
63-71
A
ivory

I

10-26-07
72-80
A
I

10-27-07
81-89
A
I

AI JANE EYRE

1-14
A
"you have no buisness to take our books; you are a dependent."
my terror had passed.
"you are like a murderer"
I really saw in him a tyrant: a murderer.

I
the boy seems to not like Jane. It seems like he consideres her as a slave. His dislike of Jane is extreme the only way he sees that he can talk to her is in a crude tryant like tone.
Jane is afraid of him because he hurts her. She seems him a tryant and a murderer because his attitude and his actions.

15-28
A
Red room.
massive pillars of mahogany
deep red damask
This room was chill because it seldom had a fire; it was silent, because remote fromt he nursery and kitchens; solemn because it was known to be so seldom entered.
insupportable oppression
unconsiciousness closed the scene
Guy Fawkes
Forlorness

I
The description of the red room is a room that is silent and lonely. it gives a sort of evil feeling with all the deep dark reds in that room. The room is used a punishment to Jane for what she had said to the boy. This room makes her feel lonely, cold and oppressed. She begins to scream because she believes that she sees a ghost. From all of that stress of the room and what had happened, she faints. Guy Fawkes is revolutionary. Jane is being compared to him because of all of his radical thoughts and actions. Forlorness because she seems to be sad.

29-43
A
Marked line of separtaion
condemning
she is not worth of notice
"my uncle... you wish me dead."
solitary and silent nursery
haunted the shadowy room
hasty temper
petrified
grim face

I
She is not equal to the other children. She is not worthy of notice which could mean that it doesnt matter if she lives there she's not important enough to be noticed by anyone unless she causes trouble. Jane thinks that her aunt wants her dead because she doesnt pay any attention to her and treats her miserably. The nursery room is silent and solitary because there is nobody there but Jane. Betty has a hasty temper but cares about jane. Jane was petrified when she had to meet with the man. He gave her a grim face because of the characteristics jane had.

44-57

A
monitors
wind rave in furious gusts
buisness now began
universal manifestation of discontent
dicipline prevailed
prayers

I
Montiors are the students who organize and collect things
wind raves in furious gusts mean that the students are hurried to get dressed and ready for class becauce they could fear the consequence of not being ready.
buisness now began meant that the day was beginning and that there was no time for fun.
Universal manifestation of discontent meant that the breakfast was not appealing to them.
dicipline prevailed means that if somebody did something wrong they were punished. punishment seems to be the best way to teach somebody.
prayers this school is heavy on praying. they seem to be devoted to the lord and read a lot into the bible.


58-72


A
life appears to me too short to be spent in nursing animosity, or registering wrongs.
extends hope to all
I can forgive the fist while I arbor the last.
sundays were dreary days
sunday evening was spent in repearing by heart the chuch of catechism.
defiance of every precept
"a careless girl"
"...this girl is a liar."



I
Life is to short to hold grudges.
It seems like Helen's telling jane to not hold a grudge against the teacher. That she should forgive.
The sundays were sad days because of the sermons that they had to sit through.
when mr. brocklehurst sees a girl with a curl in her hair. he thinks that she is going agaist the rules he had set. It makes it seem like hes trying to make all of these girls conform to the idea of likeness and that they should not think on their on only do as they are told.
Careless because jane dropped something and mr.brocklehurst punished her eventhough it was an accident. After on mistake he considers jane to be a liar. even though he had not seen her lie before he still believes what mrs. reed had told him.
72-85
A
tea
brilliant fire
kindness of her beloved instructress
patient
unresentfull
rules relaxed
disease

I
ms.temple invites jane and helen for tea. it shows that she trully cares about jane and wants to know the truth.
patient and unresentful show that helen holds no grudges and she is passive
rules relaxed shows that as the year moves on the rules of the school are not as strict as they were at the beginning of the year.
the majority of the girls get sick because they are underfed.

86-99

A
interrupted chain of my reflections



I
she is daydreaming


100-114
A
impulse of gratitude
meditating
sufficiently docile
bohemian glass
ruby red



I
Jane is the governess for mr.rochester.
she was hoping to get that she would get to leave lowood.
the discription of some of the objects in mr.rochesters house make it seem like he is very rich.



115-129
A
Pictures
1. clouds low and livid
2. dim peak of hill w/ grass
3. iceberg piercing the polar sky.


I
these pictures could symbolize in way janes life. the 1st picture being of her childhood at gatesheld. second when she was at lowood, and third while she is working for mr.rochester.


130-144
A
i dont wish to treat you like an inferior.
paid subordinates
repentance is siad to be its cure
numerous sins

I
mr. rochester wants to treat jane as an equal. that shows a change in janes life because she has always been seen as someone lower.
paid subordinates can refer to a person who will do as they are told for money.
biblical suggestions to fix a situation.

145-169
A
threading this chaos

I
implies that she is adding on to the problems that are already there.

170-184
A
Genius is said to be self-conscious
beauty is in the eye of the gazer.
I am so sick of the young men of the present day

I
when jane says that beauty is in the eye of the gazer. she is saying that about mr.rochester. he might not have been the best looking to everyone but to her he is hansome.
it can be inferred that the men of the present day are no so appealing as they were back then and that their attitudes and values have changed.

185-199
A
there was nothing to cool or banish love in these circumstances; though much to create despair.
i saw that he was going to marry her , for family, perhaps political reasons.


I
Jane is figuring out that mr.rochester is going to marry someones else. but not for love but for
money and family. She is upset about it because she wants to be with mr. rochester because she loves him a lot.
200-214
A
i wish i were in a quiet island with only you; and trouble, and danger, and hideous recollections removed from me.
I should have more pleasure in staying with you.
my pulse stopped: my heart stood still;


I
mr.rochester wants to be with jane. but he makes it seem that in their society they could never be together.
jane would rather stay with mr.rochester than leave him
something startled jane


215-229
A

equivocal demonstrations
dark, misty, raw morning

I
unknown demonstrations
gives off a feeling that something bad might happen.


229-243
A

my tears had risen, just as in childhood
swollen and blackened face
inexorable soul
Rochester went to buy a carriage.
"You must see the carriage, Jane, and tell me if you don’t think it will suit Mrs. Rochester exactly.”


I
she was crying over the fact that her cousin killed himself
carriage would be a sign that he is for sure gonna marry blanche.

by having jane look at the carriage its almost as if he is seeking her approval of the marriage.


244-258
A
“I was obliged to yield.”

Rochester kisses jane

tree is hit by lightning



I

from the quote it shows that, jane, although she may be independent the majority of the time still obeys rochester.

shows his affection for jane and that he wants to be with her.

the tree being hit by lightning is sort of ironic because that was the tree that jane and rochester sat under.

258-272
A

rochester wants to dress jane up in the finest clothing.

jane writes her uncle and asks him to put her as the heir to his fortunes




I
by having jane dress up it shows that rochester is trying to make jane into a person of the upper class so that way perhaps she will be accepted more.

jane wants her uncles fortune because she believes that will make her equal to rochester and once that happens she will be able to be considered equal in her eyes.




272-286
A
jane has a dream of a child

a strange woman tears apart her wedding dress

grace poole



I
the dream could represent how far she is away from rochester and that the crying child is her not wanting to be with him or have his kids.

who is this lady? i mean she must be mad or something because she tore the hell out of that dress.

287-311

A
the woman was bertha

rochester explains that was his first wife

insane

mother insane
leaves thornfield

I

this could mean that rochester is having an affair.

well technically he is but with jane as the mistress.

bertha is insane because of genetics.

i think the only reason he married her was for the $$$$

maybe she is trying to escape her problems

312-340

A

st.john

jane elliot

I

new employer and perhaps a new beginning for jane

she may have given a false name to hide her past. or so that way her past wouldnt catch up w/her.

341-367

A

diane likes janes drawings

why doesnt she consider herself equal to the others in the higher society if she is so smart?

janes uncle lead mr. rivers into a bad business deal

rosamond oliver

I

shows that she accepts jane more

jane seem contradictory of herself because she believes that she is as smart as the high class people and yet she some what puts herself down.

it shows that jane might feel guilty because she was the cause of rivers problem

jane assumes that rosamound is in love with st.john.

368-391

A

mr.biggs

fortune

I

mr. biggs is looking for jane so that way he can give her the fortune that her uncle left her.

her fortune is 20,000 pounds

392-412

A

jane eyre

family

I

tells st.john her real name which can mean that she trusts him or that she just wants the money

she finally found a family. she feels accepted finally. with this new feeling of acceptance she decides to split her money with her new "family" memebers

413-432

A

jane no longer likes st.john

rochesters voice

bertha mason burned house

death

I

her feelings have gone back to rochester.

the voice in her dream could represent the longing that she has to be with rochester

bertha burned the house down and killed herself because of the insanity

433-451

A

bertha mason

jane and rochester

I

with bertha mason out of the way jane feels more secure in marrying rochester.

they love eachother a lot and jane vows that she will never leave him again.

452-456

A

marriage

story - ten years

st.john

holy crap the novel is done

I

jane and rochester marry in a church with only like 2 witnesses.

since she has written this 10 years later in her marriage...can i really believe everything that she says?

st.john thinks he may die.

i didnt realize that the last chapter was so damn short.... yeah...

mythology

Raquel DonbatallaPer 4BoschCH 1: GODS Titans: Themis , Ocean, Mnemosyne, Cronus(Saturn), Prometheus, Atlas Who were the Titans? The first children. What happens to them? Lowered in standards. What characterizes the Golden Age? Peace, happiness, and perfection. Twelve Great Olympians: Zeus(Jupiter), Poseidon(Neptune), Hades(Pluto), Hestia(Vesta), Hera(Juno), Ares(Mars), Athena(Minerva), Apollo, Aphrodite(Venus), Hermes(Mercury), Artemis(Diana), Hephaestus(Vulcan). Key Terms: Mount Olympus, Seasons, ambrosia, nectar Zeus: How does Zeus gain power? Overthrowing Cronus. Why is he depicted as having so many extramarital affairs? Formed many gods. Who is even stronger than Zeus? Fate. Where is his oracle? Land of Oak Trees. How does it work? Leaves rustle. What are some of the objects associated with him? Eagle and oak. What is the aegis? Breast plate. Hera: Who is she and whom does she protect on earth? Zeus’s wife and married women. Who is Ilithyia? Daughter of hera. What city/bird/animal are associated with her? Argos, cow, peacock. How would you describe her relationship with her husband? Nonexistent. Poseidon: What does he rule? Ocean. Who is his wife? Amphitrite. Where does he live? Olympus and under the sea. What animal does he give to mankind? Horse. What(besides Neptune) is he frequently called? Earth Shaker. What is the trident? Three pronged spear. Hades: What does Pluto mean? God of Wealth. Who and what is he king of? The Dead and Underworld. What does his famous cap do to whoever wears it? Invisibility. Who is his wife? Persephone. How would you describe his personality? Malicious. Pallas Athena: Who were her parents? Zeus. Over whom is she the protector? Civilized life, handicrafts, and agriculture. What did she invent? Bridle. What words are frequently used to describe her? Gray-eyed. What was her relationship like with Zeus? The favorite child. What does Parthenos mean? Chief name of the three virgin goddesses. Where is the Parthenon? Athens. What is her bird/tree/city? Owl, olive, and Athens. Phoebus Apollo: Who were his parents? Zeus and Leto. Where was he born? Delos. What instrument does he play? Gold lyre. What did he first teach men? Healing art. Of what is he the god? Archer, truth, and light. Where was his oracle? Delphi. What (besides the oracle) is so special about the site? Tells the truth. How does the oracle work? Priestess translates. What is a tripod? Three legged stool. Who was Python? A serpant. What does Phoebus mean? Brilliant and shinning. What is his tree/animal? Dolphin and laurel. Artemis: What is she also called (besides Diana)? Cynthia. Who are her parents? Zeus and Leto. Who are the three maiden goddesses? Aphrodite, Athena and Artemis. Describe her personality. Loves the wild and a chief huntswoman. What does she love to do? Hunt. What is her connection to the moon? Associated with the Darkness. Who is Hecate? Goddess of the Dark of the Moon. What animal/tree is sacred to her? Cypress and the deer. Aphrodite: Of what is she the goddess? Love and beauty. How is she born? Foam of the Sea. Who is her husband? Hephaestus. What are her tree/birds? Myrtle, sparrow, dove, and swan. How would you characterize her personality? Vain and a little weak. Hermes: Who are his parents? Zeus and Maia. What does he look like? Sandals with wings, magic wand, and crowned hat. What is his magic wand called? Cadnces. What does he invent? Lyre. Describe his personality. Cunning and a bit of a thief. Of what is he the god? Commerce and market. What is his function for the realm of the dead? Escorts souls. Ares: Who are his parents? Zeus and Hera. Of what is he the god? War. What is his personality like? Coward and hostile. Who are his companions on the battlefield? Eris, Strife, Enyo, Terror, Trembling and Panic. Why are their names apt? Represents thoughts of war. Who is his bird/animal? Vulture. With whom does he have an illicit affair? Hephaestus. Hephaestus: What makes him different from the other gods? Born deformed and cast from Olympus. Who are his parents? Zeus and Hera. What is his job? Builds armor and is a smith. Who is his wife? Aglaia. Who helps him in his tasks? Handmaidens of gold. What is his relationship to volcanoes? Forges underneath them. Whom does he protect on earth? Smiths. Hestia: Of what is she goddess? Hearth. How does she fit into the Olympian family? Sister of Zeus. What is her role in founding colonies? People carry coals from one hearth to another. What are the priestesses called whom guard her flame in Rome? Protector of the Smiths. The Lesser Gods of OlympusEros: Of what is he the god? Love. What is his relationship to Aphrodite? Son or companion. How is he frequently represented? Blindfolded. Who are his attendants, and what do their names mean? Anteros-opposes love, Himeros-strong desire and Hymen the God of the Wedding Feasts. Hebe: Of what is she goddess? Youth. Who were her parents? Zeus and Hera. Who does she marry? Hercules. What is her office at Olympus? Cupbearer. Who is Ganymede? Trojan prince. Iris: Of what is she goddess? Rainbow. What is her job? Messenger. The Graces: How many are there? Three. What do their names mean? Aglaia-splendor, Euphrosyne-mirth, and Thalia-good cheer What would they do at banquets? Dance in an enchanting manner. Could one go on vacation without the others? No. Muses: How many? No. Who are their parents? Zeus and Mnemosyne. What are their names and their particular fields? Clio-history, Urania- astronomy, Melpomene- tragedy, Terpsichore- dance, Calliope- epic poetry, Erato- love poetry, Polyhymnia- Songs of the Gods, Euterpe- lyric poetry. Who are Themis, Dike, Nemesis, and Aidos? Zeus' creations from being lofty. The Gods of the Waters 1. Who was Poseidon? Ruler of Sea and Underground rivers. 2. Who is Triton? Trumpeter of the Sea. Who are his parents? Poseidon and Amphitrite. With what object is he associated? Great Shell. 3. What are Proteus’ two useful powers? Foretelling and changing shape at will. 4. Who are the Naiads? Water Nymphs. How do they differ from the Nereids? In streams versus the sea. The Underworld1. Names to know: Hades, Persephone, Charon, Cerberus, Styx, Lethe, Elysian Fields, Asphodel. 2. What kind of mood exits in Hades? Dark. How is it set up? Levels of good and evil. What is the role of the three judges? Pass sentence, send bad to everlasting torment and good to Elysian Fields. 3. Who are the Furies(the Erinyes)? Punishers of evil-doers. Through what gate do true dreams come? One of Horn. The Lesser Gods of Earth 1. Of what are Demeter and Dionysus, respectively, goddess and god? Corn and wine. 2. Pan: Who is his father? Hermes. He’s part animal—which animal? Goat. Where does he live? Wild places. What instrument does he play? Pipes of reed. How would you characterize his luck with the ladies? Major rejection. What is the relationship between him and our word “panic”? He creates the noises that make others feel this. Describe his personality. Noisy. 3. Silenus: What animal does he ride and why? Donkey from his constant drunkenness. Whom does he teach? Bacchus. What does he resemble in looks? Young Wine. 4. The Sileni: Describe them. Part man and horse. 5. The Satyrs, Dryads, or Hamadryads: Who/What are they? Satyrs- goat men, Dryads-nymphs of the mountain, and Hamadryads- nymph of trees. Where do they gather? Wild places. Describe their appearance. Satyr's- ugly, Dryads- lovely maidens, Hamadryads-forms. 6. Aeolus: Of what is he king? Wind. What are the Greek names of the four chief winds and their direction? Aquilo-North, Favonius- West, Auster-South, Eurus- East. 7. Chiron: What type of creature is he? Centaur. What would he look like? Half man, half horse. For what is he known? Goodness and wisdom. 8. Gorgons: What did they look like? Dragon like with wings. 9. The Graiae: What is unusual about this trio of old women? Share one eye. 10. The Sirens: For what are they infamous? Luring sailors through song. 11. The Fates: What is their Greek name? Moirae. What do they do? Assigned to no abode. What is the meaning of Clotho, Lachesis, and Atropos’ names and how do they reflect their duties? Clotho (the spinner)- spun thread of life, Lachesis (Disposer of lots)- assigned each person's destiny, Atropos (cuts)- Cuts the thread at death. Study Guide for Chapter Two: The Two Great Gods of Earth Do you agree with Hamilton’s condemnation of the Greek Pantheon as mostly “harmful and capricious” in the first paragraph of this chapter? Yes, throughout all the myths, humans are shown how envious some of the gods could be without even a just cause more times then naught. Demeter: Of what is she goddess? Corn. Why does Hamilton argue that Demeter has to be a woman? Planting, sowing, and harvesting is a woman’s job. When is her chief festival? September. Why do we not know more about the Eleusinian Mysteries? They were kept secretive.Homeric Hymn to Demeter and a study Guide to Demeter’s Hymn Who is Persephone? Demeter’s daughter. Where does she go? The Underworld with Hades. How does Demeter react to her disappearance? With anger and sorrow. Why does she disguise herself? So no one knows her. How does Demeter try to give Demophoon immortal youth? Places him in the heart of a fire at night. Why isn’t she successful? His mother is enraged at this. How does Demeter suggest Eleusis can win back her good graces? Building a temple. What effect does Demeter’s grief have on the earth? Completely barren. Why does Zeus pull rank on Hades and force him to return Persephone? Men on earth were nearly dying. What is the importance of the pomegranate? The seed. What sad message does Rhea bring to Demeter? She can only return for 4 months. Dionysus: Of what is he god? Vines. Why does Hamilton call Dionysus and Demeter “suffering gods”? Both are afflicted with an annual pain in winter. Homeric Hymn to Dionysus and Study Guide Who are Dionysus’s parents? Zeus and Semele. What awful fate befalls his mother? Burnt by Zeus’s glory. Why does Zeus have to uphold his promise? Made by Styx River. What is unusual about his birth? Born of fire. Why is Dionysus’s birth of fire and childhood of rain appropriate for his function as god of the vine? Warms the vine and waters it. Why do the pirates kidnap Dionysus? Think he’s of nobility. How does Dionysus exhibit his divinity to the pirates? Vines grow over the ship and wine pours down the floor. What fate do the pirates suffer? Turned into dolphins. Who are the Maenads or Bacchantes? Wild women. What do they look like? Carry pine cone wands with wild hair. How do the followers of Dionysus differ in their worship from the attendees of the other gods? Worship outside. What are the two ideas present in the worship of this god? Freedom and ecstatic joy, and savage brutality. Why does Dionysus return to Thebes? Find more worshipers. Who is Pentheus? His cousin. Why does he ignore the advice of Tiresias and the band of soldiers? He doesn’t believe them. What awful fate does Pentheus experience? Ripped apart by limbs. Why do you think Dionysus encouraged his demise? Prove a point. What, besides visticulture, is Dionysus’ greatest gift to the world? Banishing of fear. Where is his festival celebrated? A theatre. What does the ceremony entail? A play. Why and how does Dionysus die every year? Dies in winter with death of vines and pruned.CH3What is the “world” like before the gods came on the scene? Confusion and dark. Night and Erebus are the two children of Chaos. Who is their child? Love. How is that child conceived? Wind-born egg. Why is this child so important for later developments? Creates Life and friend Day. What is Hamilton’s theory about the personification of the Earth and Heaven? Gives off a human likeness. Why does that personification blossom with the introduction of later figures? They revolve one another. Who are the first creatures to have the appearance of life? Monsters. Who comes next? Titans. How are they different than the monsters? Titans aren’t purely destructive. Who injures Heaven? Cronus. How and why? From maltreatment by Heaven and with a striking blow. What spring from the blood of the injured Heaven? Furies and Giants. Why does Zeus eventually overthrow Cronus? Fate. How does Rhea fool Cronus? Passed a rock as Zeus. How does Zeus rescue his siblings? Help from Earth. What happens to the stone that fools Cronus? Swallowed into Earth. Who helps Cronus in the war? Titans. Who are Zeus’ allies? Five siblings. How does Zeus’ punish his enemies after they lose? Bound in the earth. Who is Atlas and what is his fate? Prometheus’s brother and to hold weight of world. Who then must Zeus fight to become undisputed world champion? Typhoon. Hamilton describes what the world is like after the destruction of the Titans and Giants. Get a good picture of the geography of the pre-human world. If you’re confused, try to sketch a map. Who are the Cimmerians? Poor things that live in darkness. The Hyperboreans? Rich and live in far North. Where is the realm of the dead? West. How was man created? Ideas from gods. What do Prometheus’ and Epimetheus’ names mean, and why are they apt? Pro=forethought and Epi=afterthought. Each god easily reveals this through his manners. Why is Epimetheus a dunderhead? Gives all gifts to animals. How does Prometheus come to man’s aid? Gives them fire and stand on two legs. Describe the various ages of man, starting with gold and ending with iron. How are the men like the metal that gives their age its name? Gold- Like gods, good, and rich. Silver- Not intelligent and hurt others. Brass- Terrible, strong and love war. Iron- Evil times, worship power. The men represent the strength and quality of their given metal name. What two gripes does Zeus have against Prometheus? Women weren’t created and bad meat for the gods. How does Zeus get revenge? Creates Pandora. What does Pandora’s name mean and why it apt? “The gift of all” and she represents the downfall of all men. Hamilton calls Pandora a “beautiful disaster.” Do you agree? Why/why not? Yes, because she is what causes the complete destruction of men. What is in Pandora’s infamous box? Plagues and sorrow. Why does she open it? Curiosity. What is the result? Widespread disaster to earth. What does not come screeching out of the box, and why is it appropriate for hope to remain? Hope remains in the box and it helps give men something to look towards, as well as a reminder of Zeus’s power. How does Zeus personally punish Prometheus for helping mankind? Bound to a large rock. What does Prometheus know that could help Zeus in the future? Who is to dethrone him. In light of the fate placed on Zeus, what do you think of his philandering? Completely useless and waste of time. How does Prometheus escape? Replaced by Chiron. CH 4 Europa 1. How does Zeus fall in love with Europa? A shaft from the Goddess of Love. 2. What does Zeus change himself into when he appears before Europa? A bull. 3. Where does Zeus take Europa after they cross the sea? Crete. The Cyclops Polyphemus1. Who lands his boat on the Cyclop’s land? Odysseus. 2. How does Odysseus damage Polyphemus’s eye? Heated wooden spike. 3. Who is Polyphemus’s father? Poseidon. 4. With whom does Polyphemus fall in love? Galetea. Flower Myths Whis it natural for flowers to be connected with the gods? Both hold majestic beauty. Narcussus 1. How does Zeus use the narcissus flower to help Hades lure Persephone? He knew she’d like them. 2. Why does Hera punish Echo? Zeus fancies her. 3. What happens to Echo after she is rejected by Narcissus? Hides in caves. 4. How does she punish her? To repeat what others say. 5. How does Nemesis punish Narcissus? Vanity. 6. How does death set Narcissus free? No more longing for oneself. 7. What happens to Narcissus’s body after he dies? Blooms into flowers. Hyacinthus 1. How does Hyacinthus die? Villagers. 2. What happens to Hyachinthus after he dies? Blooms into flowers. Adonis 1. What is the name of Adonis’s flower? Anemone. 2. With which two goddesses does Adonis split his time? Aphrodite and Persephone. 3. What seasons does he spend with each? Aphrodite-spring and summer, Persephone-autumn and winter. 4. How does Adonis die? Boar.CH 5 Cupid & Psyche1. Why is venus, so jealous of psyche? Because of her beauty.2.what does venus tell her son cupid to do? Make psyche fall in love with the vilest looking creature in the world.3. How does psyche feel about going to her destined husband? How does the rest of her family feel? Why? She is not happy. They are sad.4.Where is psyche taken when she goes to the hilltop? What is surprising about the atmosphere and the way that she is treated? To a meadow; it is beautiful there and she is treated nicely.5. How do psyche’s sister react when they visit her and see all he of her wealth? They are jealous.6. What is significant about the story they make up about her husband?7.what is the plan that psyche carries out one evening? Why is she shocked at her findings? She planned to kill her husband; she found out that it was cupid.8.who does her husband turn out to be, and what does he do/say when he sees her? Cupid; he leaves and says that there could be no love if there is no trust.9.psyche searches everywhere for her husband. Where does she finally find him and what is he doing there? At his mothers house;10. What are the 4 things that venus makes psyche do out of bitteness and envy?how does psyche manage to accomplish them? Does her story at this remind you of any others you might have read? Made her divide up seeds, fetch shining wool, fill a flask with water from the river styx, box of beauty. She had help11. Why does psyche open the box of beauty, and what happens when she does? couldn’t resist temptation; she falls asleep.12.How and why does psyche become immortal? Jupiter makes her immortal because she is forever married to cupid.13 Is venus satisfied with this situation? Why or why not? Yes, because up in heaven psyche would have to take care of her husband and children and she couldn’t be looked at by men on earth.14. What does the name psyche mean? love and the soul.CH6: 8 brief tales of loversOrpheus and Eurydice: At what is Orpheus skilled? After Orpheus and Eurydice are married, what happens to Eurydice? How does this happen? Where does Orpheus decide to go? What does Orpheus ask? What are the conditions of the agreement? What happens when Orpheus breaks the condition? Music; a viper stung her and killed her’ the underworld; to have his wife back; that he doesn’t look back; Eurydice is taken back to the under world.Pgmalion and galatea: at what is Pygmalion skilled? What does Pygmalion hate? Of what does he make a staute, how does he feel about it? Why? What god/goddess helps Pygmalion? What does Pygmalion ask of the god/goddess? Why does Pygmalion think something favorable will happen? What does he find when he goes home? Whom does Pygmalion marry? Sculptor; woman hater; a statue of a woman, he disapproves of it; venus; if she could find him a maiden like the statue he made; because a flame jumped 3 times; the statue; the statue.CH 7 Jason and the Argonauts1.who is the king of Greece? What is the state of his marrige? athamas; married.2.how does Ino plan to get rid of the kings children? How is her plan thwarted? To cause starvation and make the king kill the boy; Hemes stopped them.3.what happens to phrixus? How does he thank the gods and the king? He sacrifices a ram.4. Who is Jason? What has he set out to do? Who is philias? On what terms will philias give Jason his kingdom? The kings son. Claim the kingdom form his wicked cousin. Bring back the golden fleece.5. Who joins Jason on his journey? Which god protects them? What is the name of the ship? Hercules; hera; argo.6.What is lemons and who are the people living there? What happens to Hercules? An island only women; he was taken to the depths of the ocean by water nymph.7. Who were that harpies? Who was phineus? how is he punished? How do Jason and his companions help him? Flying creatures w/ hooked beaks and claws. An oracle; abandoned on an island w/ no food; gave him food.8. Who are the Amazons? The daughters of harmony.9. What does hera ask Aphrodite to do? Why? What is cupid told to do? How does this affect medea? To help Jason; because he and the Argonauts were in danger; shoot her w/ one of his arrows; she falls in love with Jason.10. For what does Jason ask king aeetes, and what is his response? Asks for the fleece; he said he would give it to no man less brave than him11.what is the trial the king give Jason? How and why does medea help him? For what is the rock? Conquer the bulls and the dragon teeth men; used her magic because she loves him;12. What guards the fleece? A serpent.13. What goddess continues to take care of the Argonauts on their return trip? Hera14. What is the situation when Jason returns the fleece? His father had died.15. What does medea trick pelias’s daughter into doing?16.who does medea find caused her to fall for Jason? How does she react?18. What does medea give to Jason’s bride? What happens to her? Deadly drugs; she dies19. What does medea do after the murder? What is Jason’s response? Killed her sons and then was taken away by a chariot pulled by dragons. He cursed herCH 8 Four great adventures1.who is phaeton’s mother? A mortal2.why does phaethon seek out the sun god? To see if he is his father.3.what does phaethon ask to do? Why is the sun reluctant to allow this request? Take the suns thrown just for a day. Because he sticks to his oaths.4. Describe the route the sun travels daily. What is the road like? What do the horses realize? How do they react? It rises form the sea steeply, then high to the heavens, then comes down. That their master is not at the reins. They control the chariot.6. What happens to the world during phaeton’s ride? What does mother earth request? How does jove react? What happens to phaethon? Created a fiery furnace; that they stop him; seized a thunderbolt and hurled it at the driver. He died.Pegasus and bellerophon1. Who is glaucus? How does he bring the wrath of the gods upon himself? What is his fate? Kind of Corinth. He betrayed a secret of zeus. His horses tore him to pieces and devoured him.2. Who is rumored to be bellerophon’s father? Who is his mother? Why does it seem likely he is the son of a god? Poseidon. Eurynome; he was taught by Athena.3. What does bellerophon want? Who is polyidus? What does he advise bellerophon to do? He wanted Pegasus; he’s a seer; tells him to go to athenas temple4. What is bellerophon given so he can gain Pegasus? Who give it to him? A bridle made of all gold. Athena.5. Why does Ateia want her husband to kill bellerophon? Why will he not do so? What does he do instead? Because bellerophon turned from her. bellerophon ate his table; made up a plan to have him killed.6. What does the letter to the king of lycia read? What does the king do in response? It says that bellerophon is to be killed. He does nothing.7. Name 3 great being bellerophon conquered. Solymi, amazons, and proetus.8.Did bellerophon and proetus ever reconcile? How? Yes. By marrying proetus daughter.9. What eventually causes the beginning of bellerophones demise? How does he die? His notion that he could sit with the immortals. By devouring his own soul.10 what happens to Pegasus after bellerophon’s death? Became a steed of zeus.*Daedalus1.What is Daedulus’ profession? What famous object does he build? Architect; built the labyrinth for the minotaur in crete.2.Who is Daedalus’ son? Icarus3.Why does King Minos imprison Daedulus and his son? He thought that Daedalus and his son helped the Athenians find their way out.4.How does Daedulus and his son escape? Daedulus made two pairs of wings and the flew away.5.Of what does Daedulus warn his son? What happens when his son does not heed this warning? Warns him to stay the middle course; if he too high the sun might have melt the glue and the wings would drop off.6. To where does Daedulus flee? Sicily.7. How does King minos know where he is? He made a plan that would draw Daedulus out of hiding.8. What happened to Minos? He was slain.CH 9. Perseus1.What does the priestess tell King Acrisius about his daughter, Danae? Her son would kill him.2.Why does Acrisius refuse to kill his daughter? His fatherly affection was too strong.3.Who visits Danae in her chamber? In what form? Zeus; In the form of a shower of gold.4.*Who is Perseus? Danae’s son.5. What does Acrisius do to make sure that his grandson will not kill him? Puts Danae and Perseus in a great chest and had them cast to sea.6. Who discovers Danae and Perseus? What does he do with them? A fisherman; lets them live with his family.7.Why does Polydectes want to kill Perseus? What is his plan? He loves Danae but not Perseus; Wants Perseus to kill medusa.8.* What happens to anyone who lays eyes on Medusa? They turn to stone.9.What is Hermes’ plan to find the way to the nymphs of the north? Have Perseus hide while he leads the 3 gray women to him and once one of them removes their eyes, perseus must grab it and keep it until the 3 women tell him how to reach the nymphs of the north.10. What does Hermes give to Perseus? Why is it special? A sword; it can’t be bent or broken by the gorgons scales.11.What does Athena give Perseus? How will it help him/ a shield; he can use it as a mirror so he can look at the gorgon while he attacks.12. What gifts do the Hyperboreans give to perseus? Winged sandals, a magic wallet, and cap that makes whoever wears it invisible.13. What do the 3 Gorgons look like? Why can only perseus kill Medusa? They have bodies covered with golden scales, great wings, and hair made of snakes; she alone out of the 3 could be killed.14. Why is Andromeda being punished? What is her punishment? She boasted about more beautiful than the daughters of Nereus, the sea God; her punishment is to be chained and await the monster that devoured the Ethiopians.15. What does perseus do to the great snake? Why? He cuts the snakes head off; because he wanted to marry Andromeda.16.What happens when perseus enters the banquet? Shows the head of the gorgon to all of the men there and they instantly turn to stone.17.What becomes of Acrisius? Dies from a discus.18. Who keeps Medusa’s head? What does she do with it? Athena keeps it; she carries it on her shield.19. Who is Electryon? Son of Perseus and Andromeda. (Grandfather of Hercules).CH10: Theseus1.What are the terms for theseus to receive his father’s gifts? Roll away the stone and get the things beneath it, then go to Athens to claim Aegeus as his father.2.Why does theseus not want to travel by sea? Who is his role model? What is his relationship to him? Considered it a flight from danger. His role model is Hercules; they are cousins.3.What are thesis’s ideas of dealing with justice? When he arrives at Athens, why is he acknowledged hero? “what each had don’t to othes theseus did to him; because he cleared the land of these banes to travelers.4.Why does the King want to poison Theseus? Whose original plan was it? Why? Does theseus become poisoned? Because he was afraid that theseus might want to dethrown him;5. *why does minos demand 14 youths and maidens? What/who is minotaur? What happens to thesee youths? What are thesis’s true intentions in offering himself? A sacrafice to the minotaur; it is a half bull and half human; the youths were devoured by if they didn’t run; his intentions were to kill the minotaur.6.*Who is Ariadne? What happenes when she first sees theseus? Whom does she consult for help?what is his advice? How does theseus kill minotaur? Does Ariadne make it to Athens? Why? She is Minos daughter; She fell in love with Theseus; She consulted Daedalus; He kills the minotaur by beating him to death; No she didn’t because she was either left ashore or theseus deserted her.7.why does Theseus’s father kill himself? Who takes over Athens? Explain the new government in Athens. His son died; Theseus took over; new government was a common wealth.8.Who bears Thseus a son? What is the sons name? Hippolyta; Hippolytus.9. Who is thesis’s friend? Pirithous.10. *Who are the centaurs? What happens at the wedding? They are creatures that have the body of a horse and the chest and the face of a human; the centaurs got drunk and tried to take the women.11. Whom does theseus want to marry? Whom does pirituous want to marry? When the friends go to the underworld, who knows their plan? What is the fate of pirtihous? Of theseus? He wants to marry Helen; he wants to marry Persephone; his fate was to sit forever in the chair of forgetfulness; he was set free.12.whom does theseus marry? What is her relation to ariadne? He marries Phaedra. She is ariadne’s sister.13. Who falls in love with Hippolytus? Who is behind it? Why? Phaedra falls in love with him; Aphrodite was behind it; she was angry at Hippolytus.14 what happens when Hippolytus rejects Phaedra? What does Phaedra leave behind? What does it say? How does theseus react? What is Hippolytus’s fate? What does artemis tell theseus? She kills herself; she leaves a letter; that it was hippolytus’s fault that she died; he is mad; he is banished; he said that it wasn’t hippolytus’s fault for Phaedra’s death.15.After death of hippoolytus, where does theseus go? How does he die? He goes down the road that leads to the realm of death.CH11: Hercules1.* why does Hercules consider himself an equal to the gods? He’s the strongest man on earth and had supreme confidence.2. Who is Hercules wiling to fight to get an answer from the oracle? Apollo.3.*What is the only thing that can overcome Hercules? Supernatural powers.4. How does Hercules show a greatness of soul? Through his sorrow for wrong doing an willingness to do anything to get rid of it.5.Where is Hercules born? Who are Hercules’s mortal parents? Who is his biological father? Thebes; Amphityon and Alcaemna; Zeus.6.What does Hercules do when two snakes approach his crib? He grabs them by the throat and kills them.7.Whom does Hercules first kill by accident? His music master.8. Whom does Hercules first marry? What happens to him after he and his wife have 3 sons? What happens to them? Who causes this to happen? Princess megara; hera makes him mad; he kills his 3 sons and wife; hera does this.9. Who stops Hercules form trying to kill himself? Thebes.10.To whom does the priestess tell Hercules to go? Why? Eurystheus; because he would purge Hercules’s soul clean.11. How many labors does Hercules have to complete? Who helps Eurytheus devise these labors? 12 labors; hera helps.12 who is in love with the girl Hercules wants to marry? What happens to him? Who becomes Hercules’ wife? Achelous; he loses one of his horns.13. With whom does Hercules spend the night on his way to get the man-eating mares of diomedes? Admetus14.why does admetus’ wife die? Because she wanted admetus to live so she died for him.15.Why does Hercules bring alcestis back from the dead? Because he wanted to admetus to be happy again.16. What aspects of Hercules’ character are clearly evident in the story of admetus and alcestis, considering the ancient greeks prespective?17.Whose city does Hercules capture? Why?18. What does the man say to Deianira?19.what does the centaur nessus say his blood would do?20.what does deianira do when she hears what her gift had done to Hercules?21.whom does Hercules marry when he goes to heave?CH 12 Atlanta1. What does Atlanta’s father do to her when she is born?
CH 13Prologe: The Judgment of ParisWhat does Eris throw into the banqueting hall to cause trouble among the goddesses? Golden apple.Why? Jealousy for not being invited.What are the three things that Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite offer Paris? Hera-Lord of Europe and Asia, Athena-Lead Troy to victory, and Aphrodite-fairest maiden of all.Whom does Paris choose? Aphrodite.The Trojan War1. Who is the most beautiful woman in the world? Helen.Who is her biological father? Zeus.Who is chosen to be her husband? Menelaus.2. What does Paris do officially to spark the Trojan War? Steals Helen.Why do the chieftains of Greece help Menelaus against Troy? It’s their duty.Which two of the chieftains were missing at first? Achilles and Odysseus.Why? Achilles mother kept him from war while Odysseus pretended to go mad.3. Why is Artemis angry at the Greeks? Favorite hare was slain.What does she demand of them to calm the wind and ensure a safe voyage to Troy? Sacrifice of royal maiden.Do they do what she asks? Yes.4. Why is it brave for Protesilaus to be the first to leap ashore? First to leap, first to die..Who is the greatest of the Trojan warriors? Achilles. Of the Greek warriors? Hector. What does each of them know will happen to them before Troy is taken? Death.5. For how many years does victory go back and forth? Nine. What two Greeks have a fight that turns outcome in favor of the Trojans? Achilles and Agamemnon. What is the fight about? A woman.6. Which gods are on the side of the Trojans? Aphrodite, Ares, Apollo and Artemis. Which are on the side of the Greeks? Hera, Athena and Poseidon.7. What does Aphrodite do to protect Paris when he fights alone against Menelaus? Takes him away.What happens to keep the Greeks and Trojans from coming to an agreement? Athena and Hera’s interference.8. Who almost dies at the hand of Diomedes? Aeneas. Who tries to stop Diomedes? Aphrodite. Are they successful? Yes.9. How is Ares stopped when he is fighting for Hector with the Trojans? Speared. Does this loss hurt the Trojans? Yes. How do the Trojans try to fix it? Retreat.10. Why does Zeus leave Olympus and go to help the Trojans himself? Step in for Achilles absence.11. What nickname do the Trojans give Hector? Tamer of Horses.12. How doe the Greeks try to appease Achilles? Return of the maiden and more gifts.What is his response? No.13. What is Hera’s plan? Seduce Zeus with sleeping charms.Does it work? Yes.How does Hector escape harm? Aeneas. Who has been helping the Greeks against Zeus’ wishes? Poseidon. Who stops the Greeks from conquering Troy? Zeus. How? Pushes the Greeks back again.14. Who revives Hector? Apollo.To whom does Achilles give his armor and men? Patroclus. Why? He asks for his help and offers him these. What happens when Patroclus meets Hector face to face? Dies. Who gets Achilles’ armor? Hector.15. Why does Achilles enter the fight again? Avenge Patroclus’s death. Who makes his new armor? Hephaestus. Who is appointed by Zeus to die during this battle? Hector.16. Why does Hector not flee into Troy? Won’t leave his men. Who accompanies Achilles in battle? Athena. Why does Hector stop his flight around the walls of Troy? Finds an ally.Who does he think is his ally? Brother. Who is it really? Athena.What covenant does Hector try to make with Achilles? Return the other’s body to family.Does Achilles accept? No.17. Does Achilles succeed in killing Hector the first time he throws his spear? No.Who brings it back to him? Athena.Why doesn’t Hector’s spear kill Achilles? It’s magical.18. What does Achilles do with Hector’s body? Drag it around outside Troy’s gates.What three gods on Olympus do not mind the abuse of the dead? Athena, Hera and Poseidon. How does the King regain Hector’s body? Talks with Achilles. How many days do they mourn Hector? Nine. Describe the funeral. A great pyre is made for him where wine is split into the flames then the bones are placed into a gold urn with purple velvet.CH 141. Why did Apollo guide the arrow into Achille’s heel? To kill him.How had Achilles’ mother been careless? Missed the spot she was holding.2. What did Athena do to Ajax? Make him mad.When Ajax saw what he had done, what did he say? He felt bad about the animals.What did he do? Suicide.3. What did the prophet Helenus predict about the war? Troy would fall.4. When Paris was wounded, what did he request? To see Oenone.What happened to him and to Oenone? Died.5. What plan did Odysseus craft in order to infiltrate Troy? Be complete in your answer. Construct a large wooden horse and devised for one Greek to pretend he was a sacrifice for Athena, and to remain behind to be surrendered over to the Trojans and explain the horse. While this happened the rest of the Greeks would await on their ships on a distant island.6. What story does Sinon tell to the Trojans? He was the sacrifice but ran away.7. What happens to Laocoon and how does this affect the Trojan’s reaction? Eaten by a sea monster, Trojans then quickly accepted the horse.8. Describe the battle. What did some of the quick-witted Trojan’s do? Greeks ruthlessly killed everyone in their sight without giving them a chance to fight back. Smart Trojans wore dead Greek’s armor.9. What is Priam’s fate? Slain in front of family.10. Who was the only god(dess) to help the Trojan’s that day? Aphrodite.What happens to her son? Fled Troy.11. Identify Hecuba. Queen of Troy.How did the fall of her family mark the end of Troy? There was no one left to further the development on Troy, and all men were dead and could no longer defend her gates.CH 151. Which two gods are the Greek’s greatest allies? Poseidon and Athena.Why do these gods later punish them? Revenge for defeating Troy.2. What power does Apollo give to Cassandra? Foretelling future.Why does Apollo turn against her? Refuses his love.What is Cassandra’s fate? No one believes her.3. What happens to Agamemnon, Menelaus, and Ajax after they leave Troy? Agamemnon-near loss of ships, Menelaus-sent to Egypt, and Ajax-drowns.4. Which characteristic causes Ajax’s downfall? Arrogance.5. How long does Odysseus wander before he sees his home? Ten years.6. Who is Penelope? Odysseus’s wife.What task does she want to complete before she will marry any of her suitors? Weave a shirt.Why is the task never completed? Unwoven every Eve.7. Why does Athena favor Odysseus? His wit and shrewdness.Which god has no sympathy for Odysseus? Poseidon.8. Who is Telemachus? Odysseus’s son.What is his personality like? Sober, young, and dependable.9. What disguise does Athena take? Seafaring man..What does she instruct Telemachus to do? Journey to seek father’s whereabouts.10. Which two men most likely know something about Odysseus’ fate? Menelaus and Nestor.11. Whose form does Athena take the second time she appears to Telemachus? Mentor.12. To which god do Nestor and his sons offer a sacrifice? Poseidon.13. Why does Menelaus have to hold down Proteus? Receive his answers.Under what do he and his men hide? Seal skins.14. Which nymph keeps Odysseus? Calypso.15. Of what are Hermes’s sandals made? Imperishable gold.What powers are in his wand? Create slumber.16. Why does Calypso not want to free Odysseus? She saved his life and loves him.What does she make for Odysseus? Raft.17. Who spots Odysseus on the sea? Poseidon.Why does Odysseus not want to die in the storm? Wouldn’t be noble..Who helps Odysseus in the storm? Ino.What does she tell Odysseus to do? Wear her veil.Who calms the waves? Athena.18. To whom does the country (where Odysseus washes ashore) belong? Phaeacians.What is their way of life? Sailors.19. Who finds Odysseus in the trees? Nausicaa.What does she set out do to? Laundry.How doe she and her servants complete their work? Wash in a river and dance on them.What does she do for Odysseus? Send him to her mother.Why can’t she take him to her father herself? Would hint to them being together.Odysseus’ Tale at Court of the Phaeacians1. Ten days after leaving Troy, why does Odysseus have to tie down some of his men? Longing of staying there.2. Why is Poseidon angry with Odysseus? Was a Greek who defeated Troy.3. What does King Aeolus give Odysseus? Leather sack.What is in it? Storm Winds.Why does he give it to him? Assistance for sailing.What does his crew do to it? Open it.What happens as a result? Creates a tempest.4. Who destroys the whole fleet except for Odysseus’ ship? Cannibals.5. Who lives on Aeaea? Circe. What happens to Odysseus’ remaining crew? Turned to swine. How does Odysseus avoid their fate? Hears from a cowardly sailor. Who tells Odysseus how to save himself? Hermes. What eventually happens to the crew? Eaten.6. How is Odysseus told to get to the entrance to Hades? Breach Persephone’s ship.Whom is he supposed to consult? Teiresias. What is Odysseus supposed to do to make him come? Pit of sheep blood.7. To whose island is Odysseus to go next? Sirens.Who lives there, and why are they harmful? Sirens and their voices lead to sailors death.To avoid these people, what does Odysseus order the crew to do to themselves and himself? Wax in sailor’s ears while he is chained to a post.8. At the Island of the Sun, what are Odysseus and his crew not to do? Slay oxen.What does the crew do, and what happens to them? Slay and eat oxen and killed.9. What do the King of the Phaeacians and the chiefs give Odysseus before he leaves the island? Gifts and a ship.10. Where does Odysseus wake up? Ithaca. Who is disguised as a shepherd? Athena.As what does Athena disguise Odysseus? Beggar.11. Where does Telemachus go before going back to his house? Swineherd. Whom does he find there? Odysseus. What does Odysseus tell Telemachus to hide? Weapons of war.12. Who is Argos, and what does he do after he recognizes Odysseus? His dog, who dies.13. What does Odysseus tell Penelope when she calls for him? He met Odysseus.14. What two challenges does Penelope give the suitors? String and shoot a bow.Who completes the challenges? Odysseus.15. After the fight, whom does Odysseus spare? Priest’s bard.16. How does Odysseus finally prove himself to Penelope? A dance.

Raquel DonbatallaAP English LitBosch11 August 2007All Quiet On the Western FrontErich Paul Remark ( Erick Maria Remarque is his pseudonym for his name) was born on June 22, 1898 in Osnabruck, Lower Saxony. At the age of 18 he was drafted into the German military. Served in World War I under the commander of the Second Company of the Fifteenth Reserve Infantry Regiment, Trench Batallion Bethe. Remark was wounded in battle and was sent to a German hospital, where he stayed for the remainder of the war. He changed his name from Remark to Remarque after the war. After the war, he had many different jobs, he was a teacher, an editor, librarian, and a writer. With his experiences in WWI, Remarque published, All Quiet On The Western Front, using the pseudonym for his name in 1929. The impact of his work on history is major. It is one of the few books that describe the hardships of war and the transition of behavior in a person before, during, and after war. This book was banned by the Nazis in 1933, for accusations that Remarque was a descendent of a French Jew. In 1939 he moved to the United States and stayed until the end or World War II. He then moved back to Switzerland in 1948 with his wife, Paulette Goddard. He died on September 25, 1970 at the age of 72. Remarque was considered, “spokesman of ‘a generation that was destroyed by war, even though it might have escaped its shells.’” (kirjasto).The book, All Quiet On The Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque is about a man, Paul Baumer, who is in the German Army in WWI. It begins with Baumer, as a soldier who is eager to be a soldier and how he and his friends view war. However, hiseagerness soon fades away when he is presented with the destruction of war. When Baumer sees a soldier die in front of him, he realizes that he is no longer a young man fighting a war, but is now a lost soul. Throughout the novel Baumer deals with the notion that he is no longer himself, even after the war when he comes home. He feels that there is a tension between his generation and the generations that came before his and the generation that come after his.War affects not only the economy, government, businesses, the common wealth of a nation and it citizens, but more importantly the soldiers. Any soldier that fights in a war runs the risk of losing his or her life or being injured or developing mental problems after war. However, many do not think of the mental problems as much as they do the physical. Although, they should because that is the most likely to occur, whether or not a person is injured. After World War I, the soldiers that fought that war were considered the lost generation. The lost generation, is a generation whom had lost hope in their countries, they are described as being, “disillusioned by the large number of casualties of the First World War.” (wiki). In the book, All Quiet on the Western Front, by Erich Maria Remarque, the main character Paul Baumer represents the lost generation. Amongst familiarity he feels like an outcast, “ ‘You are at home, you are at home.’ But a sense of strangeness will not leave me I cannot fell at home amongst these things.” (Remarque, 160). In this quote, Paul is demonstrating a trait of the “lost generation”, which is the sense of being uncomfortable among the people and things that should make him feel at home. Towards the end of the book, the feeling of strangeness is even stronger, “ We will be superfluous even to ourselves, we will grow older, …and most will be bewildered; -the years that will pass by and in the end we shall fall into ruin.” (Remarque, 294). This excerpt from the book demonstrates the character’s feeling of singularity and how he feels that no one but his own generation will understand what he had gone through. That is a representation of how the men and women of that era felt lost and were hopeless, it is the representation of the lost generation.War time can cause changes in the behaviors of not only political leaders, but ordinary people and soldiers as well. During war, a person may behave in an uptight, strict fashion. However, that same person may behave laid back and calm during peace time when there is no war. War has a way of giving ordinary people power that they may not have during peace time. An example of this is shown in the book. The commanding officer of Paul Baumer, Himmelstoss, works for the post office when he is not in the army. This demonstrates a change in behavior by Himmelstoss when he works as a post man has very little power but when he is in the army he has much more power. Since he has a lot of power in the army, he abuses it. He makes his company of soldiers run drills over and over again because he has the power to do so, and he is commemorated for being strict with his men. In a quote by Kat he says that, “The army is based on that; one man must always have power over the other.” (Remarque, 44). From this quote, Kat is saying that in the army its power that drives most men. That the thought of being having control for a certain amount of time is grand. Another example of how war changes behavior of men is the behavior of the main character, Paul Baumer. Throughout the book it shows how, Baumer, was a young soldier eager for war and then how war changed everything for him. In this quote by Albert, “ The war has ruined us for everything.” (Remarque, 87). This quote demonstrates how Albert realizes that war had changed every aspect of their lives and how at that very moment nothing would ever be the same for any of them. Power and authority often get the best of people, especially those in the military.The main character Paul Baumer, in the book, undergoes the transition from a young, energetic soldier to a soldier damaged both physically and mentally from his experiences in WWI. In the beginning of the war Baumer was a youthful soldier who did not mind being involved in war. However, after the first bombardment, his attitude quickly changes. He realizes the change in attitude when he states, “We were eighteen and had begun to love life…The first bomb…burst in our hearts…we believe in the war.” (Remarque, 87-88) This quote demonstrates how Baumer acknowledges the fact that he was in a war and how the war ruined his chance of taking his time to grow up. Instead he was forced to grow up a lot quicker than he should have. Paul Baumer represents the men who were in WWI, he represents the lost generation. Remarque uses this character to not only represent his feelings towards war, but to also show how war can change a person. He uses fist person point of view in his book. By doing this the audience is experiencing what the character is experiencing and what knows what the character is thinking. The use of that point of view help Remarque enforce the emotions of the character, Paul Baumer, onto his audience by allowing them to connect with the character and visualize his transformation in the book. The character and the point of view are connected to the theme of the book by they both represent the effects of war. Paul Baumer is used a symbol representing the lost generation of WWI. The point of view helps the reader connect to the emotions of the character and helps them see the mental and physical destruction of war. The setting of the book is in Germany during WWI. This helps the readers visualize the time period and allows them to connect with the character easier by giving the reader something familiar to connect to. Remarque uses these to convey his audience it to seeing and feeling what he wants them to feel.All Quiet on the Western Front should be included in the list of High Literary Merit. This book demonstrates the authors knowledge of World War I. It also demonstrates the authors usage of symbols and imagery. This book is more than qualified for the list of High literary merit not only for its grammatical uses, but for the message that it conveys to its readers. The message that is conveyed is that war changes soldiers, regardless of what war a soldier was or is in. It demonstrates not only the physical hazards of war, but also the psychological hazards. This book also showed how the World War I generation felt. By demonstrating the change in behavior of a soldier in World War I. All Quiet on the Western Front should be included in the list of High Literary Merit for its literary terms and its historical references.Works citedRemarque, Erich Maria. All Quiet on the Western Front. The Random House Publishing Group. New York. 1982.http://www.kirjasto.sci.fi/remarque.htm. August 12, 2007.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich_Maria_Remarque August 11, 2007.
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